Railway Engineering Technical Innovation In Modern Systems - 6325 Words

Railway Engineering: Technical Innovation In Modern Systems (Essay Sample) Content: RAILWAY SYSTEM ENGINEERINGbyClass:Course:Professor (Tutor):The Name of the School (University) The City and StateThe DateExecutive SummaryThe Moorland City railway company has plans to become part of the new Leek and Alton Tower stations. However, there are numerous factors influencing the development of the railway industry. As a result, engineering works in this industry is multifaceted. The complex nature of the railway engineering process calls for an analysis of subsystems including mechanical engineering, technological network design, electrical engineering, civil engineering and systems integration. This is the application of advanced technological and scientific principles in the planning, functional, operation and management practices. The Moorland City railway company is a private company seeking investments in a public transport system. It needs to look at convenience, safety, cost, comfort, and other customer needs. This report delves into the railway- engineering field to unveil the contemporary changes in customer demands and the capability of the sector in meeting these needs. This infrastructural development project highlights the increasing demand for innovative transport systems that meets the consumer needs. The railway transport system comprises of the stations, freight facilities, track development and locomotive power. The urban systems such as the underground and high-speed rail networks require constant improvements in order to meet the massive demands.Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Executive Summary PAGEREF _Toc496269929 \h 21.1.Proposed Development PAGEREF _Toc496269930 \h 52.0 Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc496269931 \h 62.1 Demand in Interurban Connection PAGEREF _Toc496269932 \h 72.1.1 Proximity factors PAGEREF _Toc496269933 \h 72.1.2 Scheduling PAGEREF _Toc496269934 \h 72.1.3 Congestion PAGEREF _Toc496269935 \h 82.1.4 Reliability PAGEREF _Toc496269936 \h 92.1.5 Relevance PAGEREF _Toc496269937 \h 102.1.6 Efficie ncy PAGEREF _Toc496269938 \h 112.2 Enhancing the Capability of the Railway System PAGEREF _Toc496269939 \h 122.2.1 Terminal PAGEREF _Toc496269940 \h 132.2.2 Station PAGEREF _Toc496269941 \h 132.2.4 Track capacity PAGEREF _Toc496269942 \h 152.2.5 Train PAGEREF _Toc496269943 \h 162. 2. 5 Junction PAGEREF _Toc496269944 \h 173.0Stakeholder challenges PAGEREF _Toc496269945 \h 183.1 Private and Public Stakeholders PAGEREF _Toc496269946 \h 193.2The Aging Rail PAGEREF _Toc496269947 \h 203.3 Advanced Technology PAGEREF _Toc496269948 \h 213.4 Operational efficiency PAGEREF _Toc496269949 \h 223.4 Implementation of capacity and commuter preferences PAGEREF _Toc496269950 \h 243.6 Constraints PAGEREF _Toc496269951 \h 244.0 Environmental Impact PAGEREF _Toc496269952 \h 255.0 Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc496269953 \h 26Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc496269954 \h 271.0 IntroductionThe UK rail industry is a dominant public service because of its demand and supply factors CITATION Wat12 \l 1033 (Watson, et al., 2012). Everyday thousands of commuters make use of the railway network to access the region. Home to popular global cities, the system connects users to Birmingham, London, Manchester Kingsley and other major cities in the region. Smaller towns such Crewe and Holiday Village also benefit from this network. With increased passengers comes freight management challenges. Whether travelling for business or leisure, passengers have specific demands, which the network has to fulfil. This steers the rail industry to adopt modern approaches in order to meet the changing needs of the contemporary market. As one of the leading rail networks in the world, the UK railway serves both local and international needs. Therefore, its engineering projects consider advantages and disadvantages of building and reinstating the railway. Environmental factors raise the question of sustainability and stakeholders identify the need for new changes in the infrastructural system. Operational performance in the rail transport supports a cost effective and sustainable service delivery process. This makes capacity and demand inseparable factors for innovation in a highly competitive environmentCITATION Bat13 \l 1033 (Bataille Steinmetz, 2013). These determine the industrys profitability. 1 Proposed DevelopmentMoorland City is seeking to redevelop the railway freight in the UK. Started in 2009, the company has a 150-year contract in Leek. Among its agenda is to refurbish heritage services in the Network rail. It has a background in the management of steam and diesel engines. Through innovative approaches, the company seeks to grow its services through contemporary freight and commuter trains. Its plan is to connect Leek to suburbs and villages through the rail network CITATION Moo13 \l 1033 (Moorland City Railway, 2013). By doing this, the company plans to transform the Alton station into a terminus. In order to succeed in its plans, the company needs a reliable approach and support fro m the local government and the community.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: Site location showing connection between Aston and Leeks CITATION The17 \l 1033 (Theme Parks UK, 2017)Privatization spearheads growth in a public service sector like railway transport. Although the government manages the plan and standardization, the company has a sole responsibility as an investor to deliver the transport service in line with customer demands. Growth in the industry has a focus on increasing the number of passengers as well as the freight. Profitability, sustainability and global competiveness also influence this plan. Moorland City has the objective to improve: * Efficiency * Reliability * Customer care ( passenger/freight experience) * Fleet managementTaking full advantage of the current infrastructure, Moorland City sets out to develop the enhanced lines in Leek and Alton Tower stations.2.0 Literature ReviewUrban transport systems characterised by an intermodal transport infrastructure h as its pros and cons CITATION Kyr12 \l 1033 (Kyriakidis, et al., 2012). Route planning ensures the optimization of the rail and alternative transport for analysing demand approach CITATION Gul14 \l 1033 (Guler, 2014). Demand elements such as cost influence the customers willingness to use the rail transport. These also determine the design standards adopted for improved customer experience in railway management and engineering CITATION Pro14 \l 1033 (Profilidis, 2014). Capacity supply is also a significant factor for this growth in the railway industry.2.1 Demand in Interurban Connection2.1.1 Proximity factorsIndustrial centers such as Stroke-on Trent depend on public transport to access its distribution centers. The central location of its railway station serves passengers travelling to Fenton, Burslem, Turnstall, and Longton. These are major commercial centers with mining industries and educational centers. The town is also home to sports and cultural facilities. Situated in a valley, its geographical features represent lowlands and midlands. In order to support its economic activities, the rail network designs and maintenance considers its energy needs connection to port services and business travellers needs. Managing a transport system includes making geometric improvements on the rail networks, intersections, stations and operations CITATION Gul14 \l 1033 (Guler, 2014).the rail and bus system as a solution to traffic congestion implies that the rAil transport system needs an effective plan with a vision to improve from the past to contemporary modes.2.1.2 SchedulingMajor quality issues in the railway industry revolve around speed, comfort, convenience, travel time and safety issues. In order to control the traffic in urban centers, management authorities invest in innovative freight control methods. This is evident in Birmingham, London and Manchester where capacity management is a major concern. Timetable rescheduling needs an algorithm that capital izes on mixed formulation CITATION Sat13 \l 1033 (Sato, et al., 2013). As a risk management factor, time scheduling in line with the customer demands reduces inconveniences. The game theory algorithm provides a model for pricing and timing strategies using distribution mechanisms. The use of these helps to determine the peak hours and arrangement by demand hours. This also defines the load graph for the usersFigure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: Rescheduling flow chart model for the contemporary rail industry using game theoryCITATION Rek16 \l 1033 (Reka Ramesh, 2016)2.1.3 CongestionCommuters going to work are keen on the time factor. This implies that commuting towards major cities in the peak hours is a challenge to the system. The model needs effective changes for growing towns such as Cheddleton and Leek. In such a case, rescheduling traveling to Brook, Endon, and Froghall from Manchester becomes a priority in the new plan. Urban freight management using event based simulation mode lling is ideal for the urban metro and technology based freight systems CITATION Mot12 \l 1033 (Motraghi Marinov, 2012). In order to ease crowding and congestion changes in frequency is necessary to control the travel times and passenger operations. A long-term solution includes improvements in railway capacity and the creation of new systems. Capacity enhancement provides one opportunity of improving the solution. Aston and Leeks location have capacity for expansion and improvements for multilevel structures but the design needs to be in line with the landscape expectations. The urban railway network involves the development of a high occupancy vehicle (HOV). The figure below shows a strategy that the company could use CITATION USD17 \l 1033 (US Department of Transportation, 2017).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3: Capacity improve...

Pcat Essay Samples - Why Students Need Them?

<h1>Pcat Essay Samples - Why Students Need Them?</h1><p>Pcat exposition tests are a piece of the assortment of instruments Pcat utilizes so as to learn Spanish. This is a decent route for understudies to grow their insight about the Pcat program and the things it can accomplish for them.</p><p></p><p>They will have the option to pick the best sort obviously that will suit their requirements. Pcat is the main program of its sort that is offered around the world. Thus, understudies need to get some answers concerning the program first and afterward figure out how to utilize it properly.</p><p></p><p>Because Pcat gives you some free exercises each week, learning Spanish by utilizing this framework won't be that troublesome. There are many examination materials accessible on the web, yet not every one of them will suit you.</p><p></p><p>That is the reason you have to get Pcat article tests so as to take advantage of the framework. They will be helpful for the individuals who don't have the opportunity to partake in a genuine Pcat course. Learning Spanish isn't that easy.</p><p></p><p>It requires a great deal of time, exertion and order, regardless of whether you are not a local speaker. There are numerous things you have to learn, for example, language structure and jargon. You should realize how to develop sentences and how to use the composed language correctly.</p><p></p><p>There are different things you have to learn, yet this is the fundamental prerequisite for a Pcat class. Different subtleties are up to you. Be that as it may, in the event that you need to learn at your own pace, there are numerous methods of doing this.</p><p></p><p>It is important to recall that with Pcat, you will utilize a real program as opposed to experiencing an intuitive program. Since this is the situation, your readiness o ught not be any not the same as on the off chance that you would have utilized the real program.</p>

What You Can Do About Research Paper Topics for Biotechnology Starting in the Next 5 Minutes

<h1>What You Can Do About Research Paper Topics for Biotechnology Starting in the Next 5 Minutes </h1> <p>Do not be reluctant to pose inquiries if there are various hazy focuses. Following are a couple of the exhorted human science article subject for those understudies that can't pick an extraordinary theme for their task. </p> <p>You need to compose a minumum of one research paper in a semester for the vast majority of the subjects. To move toward the paper with in any event tension, you should choose a theme that you're feeling good expounding on, and one which you're sure you can get a handle on the fitting grant on. Before you start composing a solitary expression of your paper, you first should comprehend what your proposition will be. It is significant to take a gander at purchasing school papers online as opposed to doing everything all alone. </p> <h2> The Downside Risk of Research Paper Topics for Biotechnology</h2> <p>You should uncover the perusers that you ace of the subject and not a confounded beginner who doesn't comprehend what the individual talking about. The rundown in no way, shape or form offers all the accessible themes as there's various inquiries which you can discover in any of the methodologies of brain research referenced, so have a significant figure what you'd love to compose on. As since a long time ago it is related with your unmistakable locale of study, it should be destined to be the most reasonable theme for you. There are bunches of research paper themes and proposals for your thought. </p> <p>To create an exceptional paper, you ought to completely choose your subject. You should be sure to comprehend everything unmistakably once you select an article point. A great paper theme should be intriguing and should consolidate a unique thought or position attempt to forestall buzzword subjects which will probably exhaust your peruser. Regardless of whether a specific research paper theme is getting a lot of buzz right now or others appear to be keen on expounding on it, don't feel enticed to make it your point on the off chance that you don't really have an enthusiasm for it moreover. </p> <p>In a pugnacious exposition you should introduce contentions about either side and please so observe significant occasions and court decisions about the themes you're talking about. Looking into any issue about government or laws may get overpowering due to the unpredictability of the issues and even because of the wording of certain laws. There are cases when you're alloted with the theme yet more much of the time, you'll need to make a subject all alone. </p> <p>There are a few on-line organizations offering measurements and training assets on a wide assortment of themes, for exceptionally reduced charges. The consequences of a buys paper on the web can exhibit the significance of depending on specialists for such direction. In case you're mistaken for a determination of fascinating themes to inquire about on the web, it's vastly improved to pick what intrigues you the most. You can continue and partition the examination into expressions to check at each angle d efinitely. </p> <h2>A Startling Fact about Research Paper Topics for Biotechnology Uncovered </h2> <p>Writing an amazing convincing exploration paper is a troublesome activity. Along these lines, you've understood that you're good to go to form your exploration paper. The more you appreciate the easier it's for you to create a flourishing examination paper. Composing an exploration paper despite the fact that may seem testing is a significant segment of routine understudy life. </p> <p>The featured tips are sure to flexibly you with an incredible research point and paper. The extraordinary thing about our administration is that you may download Biology Term Paper models at no expense. Picking one of our recommended points will permit you to start composing a flourishing exploration paper.</p> <p>Paper subject will be the Initial and likely one of the most basic advance to adopt in on the strategy to progress. An eminent research paper involves nitty gritty information regarding your matter of decision. Each hand crafted inquire about paper would need to be interesting and for that you need to gather a ton of data with restricted sources. Obviously, choosing the perfect theme for your exploration paper is the absolute first and most basic advance on the most ideal approach to composing the paper itself. </p>

How to Write a College Career Consultation Essay

<h1>How to Write a College Career Consultation Essay</h1><p>When understudies are figuring out how to compose a school vocation meeting, their educators can be an incredible asset. They can assist understudies with their expositions. In any case, some of the time the teachers don't have the opportunity to spend instructing understudies on the article, and it is then that the understudies need to compose their own. In the event that you are one of these understudies, here are a few hints for composing your school profession counseling composing your school article on your own.</p><p></p><p>This will incorporate a short diagram of the piece and a three-page layout to go with the more point by point parts of the exposition. It is particularly critical to ensure the diagram is finished and that the segments stream intelligently, however it ought to be sufficient to kick you off. After you are finished composing your framework, you will need to al ter and edit your work to ensure you don't miss any key focuses or sentence structure issues. Take a gander at your duplicate for issues regarding sentence structure, spelling, accentuation, thus on.</p><p></p><p>If you are an understudy who utilizes an Internet based composing instrument, at that point this may not be vital. On the off chance that you are not, at that point you should utilize a program that allows you to compose or utilize something that is incorporated with your PC. Along these lines, you can add your plans to the draft and afterward re-alter later. You may likewise need to work out a layout of the sets of expectations that are related with the different schools or colleges, and afterward start scanning for the kinds of employments that coordinate those portrayals. You may need to likewise take a gander at neighborhood papers and ordered promotions to discover postings for the sort of positions you are looking for.</p><p></p& gt;<p>In expansion to composing your school vocation counseling exposition, you will need to likewise audit your content cautiously to ensure that the designing is right. There is a decent possibility that you should change portions of your content in various textual styles and afterward check your assertion preparing programming to ensure that the text style styles are right. You will likewise need to guarantee that the syntax and accentuation are right. There might be sure syntactic blunders that originate from your educators, your schoolmates, or even from different understudies in the class. Watch that your composing is liberated from any mistakes, just as punctuation.</p><p></p><p>You will likewise need to consider what position you will be utilizing for your school profession counseling composing. The most widely recognized arrangement is a book record with commentaries, so the peruser can keep perusing without returning to your article. You can l ikewise transform the record into a PowerPoint introduction with your slides. On the off chance that you are going to utilize either structure, ensure that the record positions match.</p><p></p><p>It is likewise critical to remember that when composing your school vocation counseling article, you should be as goal as could reasonably be expected. Being goal can imply that you are not one-sided, yet may imply that you are not totally objective. Being as goal as conceivable can help you in your article composing, yet you should in any case have the option to cover the whole extent of the topic.</p><p></p><p>Use an assortment of methodologies to get over the data in your school profession counseling composing. A few understudies will utilize the entire page or passage, while others will utilize just several sentences. The key is to keep it fascinating and simultaneously remain consistent with your reader.</p><p></p><p >If you have some an opportunity to compose your school profession counseling composing, at that point that is extraordinary. In the event that you don't have the opportunity, at that point recollect that it is ideal to recruit a school profession advisor to accomplish the work for you.</p>

Language of Culture in Communication Essay - 865 Words

Language of Culture in Communication Culture and its worldview reflects and impacts language in so many ways. The foundation is not necessarily the language a culture speaks, but how a culture thinks. How a particular culture thinks, acts, and its perception greatly influences and affects communication. A culture helps describes a particular situation or experience, in its own unique way it perceives the world, by this language is the means of communication. Sometimes we forgot just how diverse we are, and there is an infinite variety of cultures in our world that we interact with everyday. There are some crucial skills we must learn to effectively communicate, which I learned about in, Communication Tools for Understanding†¦show more content†¦There are two main tools this article talks about, the first is individualist and communitarian. This is basically the two main concepts of thinking or the system of expressions. Since all of these tools are used in the service of und erstanding culture, a working definition of culture is useful. (LeBaron, 2003 p.2) Individualist or independent thinkers, usually have the mentally of affecting only themselves, personal accomplishments, self-directed, and personal growth. Communitarians or collectivist, usually have the mentally of contacting the affecting a group, or the communities, putting the group before themselves. Communication is the transporter of all of our feelings, ideas, thoughts, experiences, and beliefs. As we communicate using different cultural habits and meaning systems, both conflict and harmony are possible outcomes of any interaction. (LeBaron, 2003 p.3) The second important tool is high-context settings and low-context setting. In low-context settings, the screens direct attention more to the literal meanings of words and less to the context surrounding the words. 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College Essay Writing is Important

College Essay Writing is ImportantA student may take a college sample essay, if he wants to write a quality and appropriate essay. Usually, in college, writing assignments will be given, so the student can practice writing for that particular assignment. This essay needs to be well-written and well-structured. It is also required to have a good topic, because the instructor will use the topic to judge the quality of the student's writing.A student may take a college sample essay, if he does not have much experience writing for assignments, or if he does not have a thesis statement ready for his essay. If he has the basics, he must see how to organize them and how to summarize. The overall structure of the essay is also important to see how it will all be integrated into the paper. The student must know what type of paper he is doing.There are many ways to find a good and appropriate way to write a good college sample essay. One can research, search the internet, talk to his professor , ask his guidance counselor, or even buy a book that contains various ways to write a high-quality essay. These are just some of the different ways.One way to find a good and appropriate way to write a college sample essay is to interview the instructor at the college or university where the student wants to get a degree. An instructor is knowledgeable about the school, its faculty, the curriculum, and what the student should expect to learn during the course. When the student learns from an instructor, he will see what types of topics he should write about, and how he should describe his experience.When a student takes a college sample essay, he can also find a book, which contains several types of essays, in which the topic is something in which the student already knows. In such a case, the student will find more ideas, to help him figure out what he can write about. He will also be able to pick up some pointers, on how to handle the assignment. To save time, he may even take th e essays as study guides, so he can practice how to write.Another way to find a good and appropriate way to write a college sample essay is to look through various student publications and blogs. They are the best resources to find topics and information on writing essays. Since students post the essays online, many others may read them. This will make the student experience a sense of community and will help him become comfortable in sharing his opinions, experiences, and thoughts.One last way to find a good and appropriate way to write a college sample essay is to take advantage of the free online resources available. If the student has access to the internet, he may want to look at various online forums and chat rooms. The student may want to be able to speak with people who have been writing essays for a long time. By conversing with these professors, he may be able to get the feedback that he needs. As a result, he may be able to improve his writing skills, and will be prepared for the college essay writing exam.In order to write a high-quality college essay, a student may take a college sample essay to a writing class, or he may check what works for others and his own personal writings. Writing is important in a person's life, and a student who is a skilled writer will feel more confident, and will be better able to face the challenge of writing a college assignment.

Why You Should Write About Social Change Topics in Your Newsletter

Why You Should Write About Social Change Topics in Your NewsletterYou may be wondering why you should write about social change topics in your e-mail newsletters. The simple answer is that readers are generally interested in a range of topics, and you will find it particularly easy to meet their needs if you use them as your topic for your email newsletter.Remember that it is not your intention to convert every reader into a convert. You will be delighted with the number of potential converts who find what you have to say interesting and want to know more. It is your job to convince them that what you are telling them is true, and then to persuade them to do something about it.You can do this by developing your message as your reader becomes more interested in what you are writing about. If you know how to do this, then the whole process of producing and sending out your newsletters will be much easier.One effective and very popular way to develop your message is to write articles th at talk about the same topic as your newsletter. A quick look at Google's Article Summaries will show you the power of article marketing. You can literally turn an article into a valuable email marketing tool, and a nice bonus is that you can get traffic from search engines for free. Because people like to click on links in articles they read, they will be clicking on the article itself if they like what they find.The main benefit to using article marketing is that you don't have to worry about your message being misleading. Any website that specializes in providing information on the web will want to know what you have to say. They will want to know whether you can help solve their problems, and you will never have to spend time proving that you can.There are hundreds of interesting topics you can cover in your newsletter. Here are some ideas for you: the history of social change, the difference between philanthropy and corporate philanthropy, the causes of Social Security, the ben efits of vegetarianism, obesity and politics, and why you shouldn't write about politics. Every one of these topics is likely to provide you with an opportunity to connect with your readers.When you consider the fact that you may get a new issue of your newsletter each day, it soon becomes obvious why you should try to develop your message around social change topics. Your list can be filled with subscribers who are interested in these issues, and you can develop a relationship with them. These relationships will keep growing over time and will help you make some money by selling advertising space on your website or newsletter.You can also go online and see if there are people who have not yet signed up to receive your newsletter who would be interested in following your message on their web page. There are many places where you can register, and you may want to choose a place that has a good deal of traffic. By adding a link to your website or newsletter, you can ensure that a larg e portion of your visitors will be interested in what you have to say.

Texts Can Be Modified or Appropriated to Suit Different...

Texts can be modified or appropriated to suit different audiences or purposes, yet still remain firmly within the genre. Discuss Stoker’s ‘Dracula’ and at least one of the films you have studied. FW Murnau’s 1921 film Nosferatu is an appropriation of Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula. Despite it being an appropriation, explicit gothic conventions remain evident, which explore societal fears and values. These fears and values differ from Dracula, due to distinct contextual influences of different time periods. Stoker’s novel Dracula, presents the fear of female promiscuity, for which vampirism is a metaphor. Such fear can be related to the time in which Dracula was written, where strict Victorian gender norms and sexual mores stipulated†¦show more content†¦This is because most people were trying to come to terms with the notion of evil, after the effects of the war, and feared vampirism. Murnau addresses these fears not only through the shadow motif, but through various camera shots, negative film and the use of fast motion, which create all create disconcertment. Low-angle shots, portraying Orlok as a dominant force, are example of a technique used that would have created terror and distress for the audience of Murnau’s time. Nosferatu is far less sexually explicit than Dracula, focusing on the fear of inexplicable evil intruding on the unified love of a married couple, rather than a women’s sexual position in society. Murnau explores this through the sleep walking, balcony scene, where Ellen reaches out with her arms, possessed, and the responder is left to question whether she is reaching for Orlok, or her husband Hutter. The fear of being controlled whilst subconscious, and unaware of what is happening – the notion of the supernatural, is a gothic convention employed by Murnau. Murnau in this scene also uses colour imagery to highlight the notion of duality, being another gothic convention. Ellen’s white robe, symbolising innocence and purity is a contrast to the black surroundings, emphasising the good versus evil convention. The fear of social contagion is also a differing value to that of Dracula. Murnau explores this through the rat motif. The plague of rats symbolically parallels with the plague in

Organization Change Management for Theory -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Change Managementfor Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction: Organisational culture and change is inevitable, this is because of the change in the external as well as internal environment of the organization (Burke, 2017). This change in the organizations is not always welcomed and this resistance is mainly done by the employees of the organization. This essay discusses about the basic concept of organizational change and the response to overcome the resistance of these changes. This study can be used by the organizations to make the strategies in order to overcome the resistance of change by the employees. It also helps in understanding of the issues that makes the employees to resist such changes in the organization. Organizational change: Organizational change can be referred to as the changes that take place in the companys processes, strategies, and structure etc. these changes need to be done in order to withstand in the industry and in order to maintain the balance between the organizational processes and the dynamic environment (Cameron Green, 2015). When any of the change is implemented in the organization, it has been resisted by some or the other factors. It is always said that change is good but these changes is still being criticized and resisted by the employees of the organisation. It has been analysed that employees are found to be the biggest reason of resistance of change in the organization. Causes of resistance to change: There are different causes that have been suggested that causes the resistance to change among the employees. Some of them are discussed below: Selective perception: it is the type of perception where the people used the limited knowledge to make the perception that matched with their thinking (Palmer, Dunford Akin, 2009). Thus, this results in a kind of perception that is difficult to alter with the reference to the change in the organization. Lack of confidence: Most of the employees resist the changes in the organization. This is because the changes that are made may require the employees learn new things and employees have fear that they do not have that much confidence to learn new things and implement in the processes. Loss of job: when any of the change in the structure of the organization is implemented, it may require to right size the organization. Thus, fear of job loss is always there in the minds o the people (Lscher Lewis, 2008). Poor engagement: If the employees are not engaged in the process of decision making, they do not have any idea about what are the changes that are going to be implemented in the organization. Thus, facing the challenges of learning new things and unlearning the old process become hectic and difficult for the employees. Habit: It is habit of some of the peoples to be in the stable environment and thus they resist kind of change in the environment whether it is good or bad. Theories related to resistance: As far as the theoretical aspect of change and resistance is considered, there are two variables suggested that form the basis of resistance to change and the assumptions of the employees regarding the change (Carter, 2008). The first one is changeability and second one is emotionality. The changeability can be referred to have the assumed prospect of influencing the resistance of level of change of the employees while emotionality referred to as the level of emotions involves with the resistance. When both these elements are placed I the diagram, it results in four interpretations. Resistance as opinions: High Changeability and low emotionality It is the situation where an opinion has been made by the employees regarding the change. This needs to be managed by the leaders by educating the employees about the change and the reason of the change in order to alter their opinions (Hayes, 2014). Resistance as psychological reaction: High changeability and high emotionality It is the situation where the employees have social stereotypes thinking about the change. The social psychology of the person is highly influential factor in this case that causes resistance to change. In this situation, the cage can be managed by making the employees accept the panned changes while in first interpretation the opinions are altered by negotiations in the panned changes. Resistance as conviction: Low changeability and low emotionality In this case, the resistance to change is understood as the result of ethics and ideals. Here, the employees resist the change because of their emotional ideals and fundamental priorities. Morality is also one of the factors that drive the resistance to change (Cummings Worley, 2014). The change can only be managed by alteration in the thoughts and the priorities of the employees. Resistance as personality: low changeability and high emotionality Here the major reason of resistance to the change is the personality of the person that is based on his emotional context. Making the changes in their opinions of the employees in this case is very difficult as it is required by the management to change the personality of the person. After understanding the theoretical aspect change, it has been identified that different reasons are there that affect the resistance of change. The above framework provides the information about the change management theory that can be used in order to manage the change in different resistance cases. Overcoming the change resistance: The organizational change can be in structure, process or technology but the organization bring the change only to improve the quality and quantity of the services and the outcomes of the organizations. In order to implement the changes effectively, it is required by the organizations to understanding the influence of resistance to change and the process of implanting the change. Neglecting such reasons may results in poor implementation of the change and restricts the improvement that was expected from the change (Burnes Cooke, 2013). It is important for the management to realize the importance of change management and overcoming the barriers or the resistance to change. The strategies or model should be used by the management or the leaders in order to support the employees and the organizations well to adopt the changes implemented in the company. Lewins has given a great model of change management that needs to be adopted in order to management the change in the organization by the management. The theory involves three steps that are unfreezing, transition and refreezing (Shirey, 2013). Following is the brief description of all the steps that needs to be practiced in order to implement the change in the organization: Unfreezing: It is the step where all the old processes or the old leanings of the employees need to be unlearned. Here the management has to ask the employees to forget all the processes they are using till now so that they can be open for the new learning and the change. This is the major step to be conducted because filling the empty mind is easy but learning the already existing process in the minds of the people is very difficult. Transition: It is the most important stage of the process. Here the changes have been implemented in the organizational processes or the structure. The changes are implemented according to a proper format (Ford, Ford D'Amelio, 2008). All the employees must be aware of the changes implemented. Proper training should be given to the employees regarding the changes so that they can easily about the same. Freezing: this is the last step of the process. Here the employees have to adapt the changes that have been implemented. As they have unlearned the old process and the change have been implemented, now the time has come where they have to adopt the changes. At this stage, the employees start working according to the new process and develop the familiarity for the new processes (Jones Jones, 2010). The above theory or the change management model is used by many companies and is proved to be very successful in the field. This model is most effectively used by the companies implement the change in the organization. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the repair that making changes in the organization is very important. This fact of resistance to change cannot be denied but the management of the organization need to identify the reason behind the resistance and then implement the strategy that can be used to manage the change effectively. It has been analysed that there are various reasons that drives the resistance among the employees to adapt those changes. These resistance need to be overcome by the practices or the strategies. One of them is given by Lewins for the change management. This is the theory or the model that supports the employees to adopt the changes with the steps such as unfreezing, transition and freezing. References: Anderson, D., Anderson, L. A. 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